Tai sao Dai tu tieng Thai Khac biet
Tieng Thai co mot trong nhung he thong dai tu phong phu nhat tren the gioi. Dai tu ban chon boc lo gioi tinh, moi quan he voi nguoi nghe, va muc do trang trong cua tinh huong — tat ca trong mot tu duy nhat. Trong khi tieng Viet co "toi", "minh", "anh", "chi", tieng Thai co hon mot ta, moi tu voi sac thai xa hoi rieng.
Ngoai ra, nguoi Thai thuong dung biet danh hoac tu xung ho gia dinh thay vi dai tu, va tieu tu lich su (ครับ / ค่ะ) duoc them vao cuoi cau de lam mem gion.
Nhu nguoi moi bat dau, hay bat dau voi ผม (phom) neu ban la nam hoac ดิฉัน (dichan) neu ban la nu, va dung คุณ (khun) cho "ban/anh/chi". Su ket hop nay lich su va an toan o moi noi.
Dai tu Ngoi thu Nhat (Toi)
ผม (phom) — "Toi" Nam Lich su
Day la dai tu lich su chuan cho nguoi noi nam. No hoat dong trong ca boi canh trang trong va than mat va la lua chon an toan nhat cho nam gioi trong moi tinh huong.
ผมเป็นนักเรียน
phom pen nak-rian
Toi la hoc sinh.
ผมชอบกาแฟ
phom chawp ka-fae
Toi thich ca phe.
ดิฉัน (dichan) — "Toi" Nu Lich su
Day la dai tu trang trong lich su cho nguoi noi nu. Duoc su dung trong moi truong chuyen nghiep, dip trang trong, va khi noi voi nhung nguoi ban muon to long ton trong.
ดิฉันมาจากกรุงเทพ
dichan ma jak Krung Thep
Toi den tu Bangkok.
ดิฉันยินดีที่ได้รู้จัก
dichan yin-dee thee dai roo-jak
Rat vui duoc gap ban.
ฉัน (chan) — "Toi" Than mat
ฉัน la dai tu ngoi thu nhat than mat duoc su dung chu yeu boi phu nu trong hoi thoai hang ngay. Nam gioi cung co the dung trong mot so boi canh thoai mai, nhung no chu yeu la nu tinh.
ฉันหิวแล้ว
chan hiu laew
Toi doi roi.
ฉันไปด้วยได้ไหม?
chan pai duay dai mai?
Toi di cung duoc khong?
เรา (rao) — "Chung ta" hoac "Toi" Than mat
เรา chu yeu co nghia "chung ta/chung toi", nhung cung thuong duoc dung nhu "toi" than mat, trung tinh gioi giua nhung nguoi tre va ban be than. Nghia kep nay thuong ro rang tu ngu canh.
เราไปกินข้าวกัน
rao pai gin khao gan
Chung ta di an cung nhau.
เราชอบหนังเรื่องนี้
rao chawp nang rueang nee
Toi thich bo phim nay.
กู (ku) — "Tao" Rat Tho
กู (ku) la dai tu cuc ky tho lo va tuc tiu. No chi duoc su dung giua nhung ban be rat than trong boi canh rat khong trang trong, va ngay ca khi do co the nghe hung hang. Su dung no voi nguoi la hoac trong bat ky boi canh trang trong nao se rat xuc pham. Nhu nguoi hoc, hay hoan toan tranh dai tu nay.
Dai tu Ngoi thu Hai (Ban)
คุณ (khun) — "Ban" Lich su Chuan
คุณ la tu chuan cho "ban/anh/chi" trong tieng Thai. Lich su, trung tinh gioi, va hoat dong trong hau nhu moi tinh huong. Cung co the dung nhu danh xung truoc ten ai do.
คุณชื่ออะไร?
khun chue a-rai?
Ban ten gi?
คุณมาจากที่ไหน?
khun ma jak thee nai?
Ban den tu dau?
เธอ (thoe) — "Ban" Khong trang trong
เธอ la dai tu khong trang trong cho "ban", dung chu yeu khi noi voi phu nu hoac giua ban nu than.
เธอไปไหนมา?
thoe pai nai ma?
Ban di dau ve?
นาย (nai) — "May" Khong trang trong (Nam)
นาย la cach than mat de goi ban nam. Khong trang trong va chi nen dung voi nguoi ban than.
นายจะไปด้วยไหม?
nai ja pai duay mai?
May co di cung khong?
มึง (mueng) — "May" Rat Tho
มึง (mueng) la doi ung cua กู — dai tu cuc ky tuc tiu cho "may". Chi duoc dung giua ban be rat than trong dua gion, va co the de dang gay ra xung dot neu dung voi nguoi sai. Hoan toan tranh nhu nguoi hoc.
Dai tu Ngoi thu Ba (Anh ay / Co ay / Ho)
เขา (khao) — Anh ay / Co ay
เขา la dai tu ngoi thu ba chuan va trung tinh gioi — co the co nghia "anh ay" hoac "co ay". Ngu canh lam ro nghia. Su don gian nay la mot trong nhung khia canh de hon cua dai tu tieng Thai.
เขาเป็นหมอ
khao pen maw
Anh ay/Co ay la bac si.
เขาพูดไทยเก่ง
khao phood Thai geng
Anh ay/Co ay noi tieng Thai gioi.
พวกเขา (phuak khao) — Ho
พวกเขา la dang so nhieu, duoc tao bang cach them พวก (phuak, co nghia "nhom") truoc เขา. Mau nay cung hoat dong voi cac dai tu khac.
พวกเขามาจากญี่ปุ่น
phuak khao ma jak Yee-pun
Ho den tu Nhat Ban.
Tieu tu Lich su (ครับ / ค่ะ)
Mac du khong phai dai tu, tieu tu lich su la ban dong hanh thiet yeu cua dai tu tieng Thai. Them ครับ (khrap) cho nam hoac ค่ะ (kha) cho nu o cuoi cau lam cho loi noi cua ban nghe lich su va co giao duc. Bo chung co the nghe cut ngon hoac bat lich.
ผมชื่อสมชายครับ
phom chue Somchai khrap
Toi ten la Somchai. (nguoi noi nam)
ดิฉันชื่อสมหญิงค่ะ
dichan chue Somying kha
Toi ten la Somying. (nguoi noi nu)
Hay nghi ve ครับ (khrap) va ค่ะ (kha) nhu tuong duong Thai cua "a/da" cuoi cau trong tieng Viet lich su — chung lam mem moi thu ban noi va the hien su ton trong co ban. Hay dung chung voi moi cau khi noi lich su.
Bang tham khao nhanh
| Dai tu | Doc | Nghia | Muc do | Gioi tinh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ผม | phom | Toi | Lich su | Nam |
| ดิฉัน | dichan | Toi | Lich su / Trang trong | Nu |
| ฉัน | chan | Toi | Than mat | Chu yeu nu |
| เรา | rao | Chung ta / toi | Than mat | Bat ky |
| คุณ | khun | Ban | Lich su | Bat ky |
| เธอ | thoe | Ban | Khong trang trong | Chu yeu nu |
| นาย | nai | May | Khong trang trong | Nam |
| เขา | khao | Anh ay / co ay | Trung tinh | Bat ky |
| พวกเขา | phuak khao | Ho | Trung tinh | Bat ky |
Tom tat
Dai tu tieng Thai la cua so nhin vao van hoa xa hoi Thai — chung ma hoa gioi tinh, su ton trong, va su gan gui trong moi tuong tac. Cac diem chinh:
- Bat dau voi ผม (phom) hoac ดิฉัน (dichan) — lich su va an toan cho gioi tinh cua ban
- Dung คุณ (khun) cho "ban" — hoat dong o moi noi
- เขา (khao) trung tinh gioi — mot tu cho ca "anh ay" va "co ay"
- Luon them tieu tu lich su — ครับ (khrap) cho nam, ค่ะ (kha) cho nu
- Tranh กู va มึง — chung tuc tiu va co the gay xuc pham
Chon dai tu dung trong tieng Thai the hien nhan thuc van hoa va su ton trong. Nhu nguoi moi bat dau, cac dang lich su se phuc vu ban tot trong moi tinh huong.